This syndrome, a phenomenon that usually develops in childhood, but the appearance in adults is far from rare (due to the lack of assistance in childhood). It refers to disorders of the nervous system, and in the future can lead to problems of being in society.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a neurological pathology characterized by behavioral disorders (inattention, impulsivity), as well as excessive hyperactivity.
CLASSIFICATION
- Mostly inattentive type.
- Predominantly hyperactive type.
- Combined type.
CAUSES
- infectious diseases of the mother during pregnancy;
- smoking, drinking alcohol and other illegal drugs during gestation;
- risk of miscarriage;
- premature / prolonged labor;
- chronic diseases of the mother;
- immunological incompatibility;
- complications during childbirth;
- childhood head injury;
- hereditary factor.
SYMPTOMS
In children:
- inattention;
- hyperactivity;
- impulsive actions;
- sleep disturbance;
- poor contact with peers;
- frequent mood swings;
- depression.
In adults:
- poor concentration of attention;
- mood swings;
- inability to concentrate;
- it is difficult to perform certain tasks (at work);
- fussiness;
- apathy;
- it’s hard to maintain a relationship.
DIAGNOSTICS
Diagnosis is based on the patient’s history, complaints, and diagnostic criteria (eg, impaired social function, poor learning). There is also a continuous performance test, in two forms, for adults and children. The essence of the test is that when it is passed, along with animation inserts and soundtrack, certain stimuli appear (which imitate the stimuli of real life). Based on the results of the patient’s response, it is possible to determine the exact symptoms of the syndrome.
TREATMENT
The following specialists are involved in the treatment of ADHD: a psychologist or psychiatrist, a neuropsychologist, a pediatrician, a defectologist.
The treatment is long and complex, and if it is interrupted, the syndrome returns again.
- Drug therapy: psychostimulants, antidepressants (different dosages for children and adults, respectively).
- Working in groups.
- Conducting classes according to the Davis method (methodical explanations are carried out with finding an orientation point).
- Consultation with a psychologist.
- Vitamin therapy.
COMPLICATIONS
- Delayed development.
- Decreased intelligence.
- Social problems (lack of friends, work, addictions may arise).
- Aggressive behavior.
- Low self-esteem.
If there are serious changes in the behavior of a child or an adult, it is necessary to consult a specialist. After all, it is very important not to waste time, and to start treatment as early as possible (especially in childhood) .